Base
tutorial.cpp
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#include <cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include <string> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if (argc < 2) { std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " number" << std::endl; return 1; } // convert input to double const double inputValue = atof(argv[1]); // calculate square root const double outputValue = sqrt(inputValue); std::cout << "The square root of " << inputValue << " is " << outputValue << std::endl; return 0; } |
CMakeLists.txt
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial) # add the executable add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cpp) |
注释
- cmake_minimum_required
- 指定使用 CMake 的最低版本号
- project
- 指定项目名称
- 指定后可以使用变量
${PROJECT_NAME}
- add_executable
- 来生成可执行文件，需要指定生成可执行文件的名称和相关源文件
构建编译
构建
- 在build文件夹构建系统。
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mkdir build cd build cmake -G "Visual Studio 16" .. |
编译
- 在build目录下生成Makefile文件
- 然后调用编译器来实际编译和链接项目
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cmake --build . |
外部构建
- 像上面创建build文件夹将构建和代码隔离开来，是外部构建
内部构建
- 直接在代码同级目录下进行构建
注释
..表示指定cmake需要的CMakeLists.txt在build文件夹的上一层的位置。
优化
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial) # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) |
添加版本号
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0) # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) |
配置头文件将版本号传递给源代码
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0) configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h) # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) |
TutorialConfig.h 文件会被自动写入 build 目录，因此必须将该目录添加到搜索头文件的路径列表中
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0) configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h) # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR} ) |
创建 TutorialConfig.h.in文件，内容如下：
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// the configured options and settings for Tutorial #define Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR @Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR@ #define Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR @Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR@ |
当使用 CMake 构建项目后，会在 build 中生成一个 TutorialConfig.h 文件，内容如下：
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// the configured options and settings for Tutorial #define Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR 1 #define Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR 0 |
在 tutorial.cpp 包含头文件 TutorialConfig.h
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#include <cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include "TutorialConfig.h" int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if (argc < 2) { // report version std::cout << argv[0] << " Version " << Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR << "." << Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR << std::endl; std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " number" << std::endl; return 1; } // convert input to double const double inputValue = atof(argv[1]); // calculate square root const double outputValue = sqrt(inputValue); std::cout << "The square root of " << inputValue << " is " << outputValue << std::endl; return 0; } |
注释
- set创建了一个变量
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}表示当前工程的二进制路径，即编译产物会存放到该路径
此时我们采用了外部构建，二进制会生成在build目录下，所以PROJECT_BINARY_DIR就是 build 所在路径
指定C++标准
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True) configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h) # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR} ) |
注释
- CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD指定C++标准版本
添加库
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True) # add the MathFunctions library add_subdirectory(MathFunctions) configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h) # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions ) |
设置库为可选项
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True) # add the MathFunctions library add_subdirectory(MathFunctions) configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h) if(USE_MYMATH) add_subdirectory(MathFunctions) list(APPEND EXTRA_LIBS MathFunctions) list(APPEND EXTRA_INCLUDES ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions) endif() # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${EXTRA_LIBS}) target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR} ) |
宏开关
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cmake --DUSE_MYMATH=OFF .. cmake --build . |
注释
- EXTRA_LIBS用来保存需要链接到可执行程序的可选库
- EXTRA_INCLUDES用来保存可选的头文件搜索路径
- APPEND表示将元素MathFunctions追加到列表EXTRA_LIBS
添加库的使用
MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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# MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt target_include_directories(MathFunctions INTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ) |
顶层CMakeLists.txt
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # set the project name project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True) # add the MathFunctions library add_subdirectory(MathFunctions) configure_file(TutorialConfig.h.in TutorialConfig.h) if(USE_MYMATH) add_subdirectory(MathFunctions) list(APPEND EXTRA_LIBS MathFunctions) endif() # add the executable set(SRC_LISTS tutorial.cpp tutorial1.cpp) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LISTS}) target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${EXTRA_LIBS}) target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR} ) |
注释
- INTERFACE是指消费者需要、但生产者不需要的那些东西
- CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR表示 MathFunctions 库所在目录
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